The Ovarian cancer is a deadly disease that is still the most dangerous in the world, threatening millions of women. Cases are also slowly increasing in India. It is frequently referred to as the “silent killer,” as most women do not experience symptoms of the disease until it has progressed to later stages. This is the reason the awareness is very crucial.
Here, we’ll explain what ovarian cancer is, its warning signs, causes, treatments and what women can do to take control of their health. Having a sense of the facts can also lead to earlier detection and better care.
What is Ovarian Cancer?
Ovarian cancer begins in the ovaries, a pair of small organs that make hormones and eggs in women. A tumour exists when cells in the ovaries begin to grow in an abnormal manner. Left unchecked, the cancer can also spread to adjacent organs, such as the uterus, fallopian tubes or even the abdomen.
Why Ovarian Cancer is Dangerous
The main reason ovarian cancer is so deadly is that it is often caught too late. In the majority of the cases, the symptoms are nonspecific and are similar to common stomach or digestive system problems. By the time they find out, the cancer’s already metastasised.
The earlier the detection, the better the chance for survival. But unfortunately, very few women are diagnosed at stage 1.
Symptoms to Watch Out For
Symptoms for ovarian cancer are not always straightforward. But if you experience the following signs at a high frequency, it is wise to see a doctor:
- Chronic bloating or swelling in the stomach area
- Pain in the lower tummy or genitals
- Feeling full quickly after eating
- Loss of appetite
- Frequent need to urinate
- Fatigue or lack of energy
- Unexplained weight loss
Other health conditions could be responsible for these symptoms as well. But if they last longer then here is what you need to check up.
Risk Factors of Ovarian Cancer
The risk is not the same for all women, but there are some factors that will raise the risk:
- Age: It’s common in women over 50.
- Family history: You have a higher risk if your mother, sister or daughter has had ovarian or breast cancer.
- Mutations in genes: Changes in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are associated with ovarian cancer.
- History of pregnancy: Women who have never been pregnant or who were older than 35 when they had their first child tend to have a slightly greater risk.
- Hormone regimen: Using hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for many years after menopause increases your risk.
- Obesity: Women who are overweight are at higher risk for a multitude of cancers, ovarian cancers included.
How Ovarian Cancer is Diagnosed
Physicians employ an array of tests to identify ovarian cancer:
1. Pelvic exam– To check for lumps or swelling.
2. Ultrasound – To have a better look at the ovaries.
3. Blood Test (CA-125) – High levels of this protein could be a sign of cancer.
4. Biopsy: A sample of tissue is examined under a microscope to check for cancer cells.
Treatment Options
Treatment is based on the stage of cancer and the patient’s overall health. The main methods include:
- Surgery: To take out the ovaries, fallopian tubes and sometimes the uterus.
- Chemotherapy: Strong drugs are used to kill cancer cells.
- Targeted therapy: Drugs that specifically attack only cancer cells, leaving healthy cells unharmed.
- Radiation therapy: Treatment with high-energy rays to kill cancer cells (not as common for ovarian cancer).
Combined therapy is employed in cases advanced beyond this.
Can Ovarian Cancer Be Prevented?
There is no foolproof way to prevent ovarian cancer. But there are some ways to reduce the risk:
- Regular checkups, especially if you have a family history.
- A few years of oral contraceptives (birth control pills) may lower risk.
- Pregnancy and breast-feeding are thought to reduce odds.
- Keeping in good shape and at a healthy weight.
- Genetic testing if extensive family history of the disease is present.
Importance of Awareness This Month
This year Ovarian Cancer Awareness Month is honoured globally. The idea is to raise awareness and facilitate learning about early warning symptoms, and urge women to attend regular health examinations. Awareness campaigns also help patients and generate research funds.
The more we talk about ovarian cancer, the more we will take the fear and stigma associated with it away. Women should be encouraged to discuss symptoms with their doctor.
Key Takeaway
Ovarian cancer is a devastating disease but early detection can be life-saving. Women should not dismiss symptoms such as bloating, stomach pain or a sudden change in appetite. The most effective weapons against this silent killer are healthful living, regular medical checkups, and alertness.
During this month, let us share information with our mothers, sisters, wives, and friends. Even if only a few lives are saved, such baby steps towards awareness are worth it.
FAQs on Ovarian Cancer
Q1. Who are the most at risk of ovarian cancer?
Those with a family history of ovarian or breast cancer and women who are over 50 are at higher risk.
Q2. Is ovarian cancer hereditary?
Some genetic variants, like mutations of BRCA1 or BRCA2, for example, can cluster in families.
Q3. Can ovarian cancer be cured?
When caught early, many women can be cured with surgery and treatment.
Q4. What is the survival rate?
The survival rate is relatively higher in those diagnosed early, but it falls if cancer is detected late.
Q5. Should women go for screening?
There is no established screening test for ovarian cancer, but women with a family history should discuss genetic testing and regular check-ups with their doctors.
Bottom Line: Ovarian cancer awareness could be the first step in saving lives. Spread the message this month, and urge the women around you to stay on top of their health.
